RFID Interlock

Members

• Add your names here
• Andrew LeCody
• Gus Reiter
• Lampy Ken Purcell
• Michael Lass
• Mikel Duke
• Nick Sainz

RFID Storage Cabinet

Goals

• Provide power to an outlet once an authorized RFID tag is scanned.
• Will connect over HTTP(s) to a web service to query if a particular RFID tag is valid/authorized.
• After a configurable amount of time, a warning light/sound will go of to indicate that the tool will be shutoff. Users should be able to rescan to push back the timeout or off, to completely turn off power to the device ahead of the timeout.
• Detect if the attached device is in use and start timer once it is turned off to avoid interruptions
• Eat pizza

For Version 1

Hardware

• RFID Reader
• BIG Red Button w/ led
• Current Sensor
• Relay
• AC Outlet
• Enclosure w/ screw and lock-ability
• Power Supply, 5v or 9v for relay
• Network Cable
• Arduino with network or Beagle Bone

Software

• Time Used
• Machine ID & User RFID
• Certified Table
• Trainer Table
• User Table
• Marker on Website
• What machine is in use
• Maintenance Mode – machine unavailable

For Version 2

• Clock display
• WiFi
• Remote deactivation
• Keypad for laser to do job estimate

Status

Update 11/23/2013

Development for BeagleBoneBlack has began. The Arduino was much to finicky with higher level functionality. Also, for some reason DHCP quit working after a few hours of testing and no code changes. There is example code below for Python, and the start of a Java app on Github.

After some research, there are various models of cheap (<$20) RFID USB readers available. These interface with the host as a keyboard which makes coding for BBB/RPi much simpler, but would be very difficult to do on Arduino. They also have the big advantage of coming as a packaged product, with a plastic housing and usb port installed instead of a bare pcb. The Parallax readers used in the Hackathon run about $45+, are bare pcb, and work over 5v Serial connection. This looks to be the cheaper and easier way to go.

Hackathon 11/09/2013

Prototype Demo Video

Achievements

• Created working prototype using an Arduino Ethernet.
• Successfully scanned an RFID tag, queried the server over ethernet, and retrieved authorization status and time.
• Enabled the use of a fan
• Successfully detected fan operational status using the current detecting circuit
• Started countdown timer was the fan was off, and successfully turned off the power
• Ate pizza

Todo

• Improve reading RFID tags, get ghost reads due to RF interference
• Improve code stability, Arduino seems to have issues processing large strings, possibly change to char arrays
• Create housing for reader and controller

Parts

Version 1

• 125KHz RFID Tags
• Parallax Serial RFID Reader
• Arduino Ethernet
• 110V Relay
• 2n2222 Transistors
• Leds
• Current Sensor

LCD

lcd command	i2c command
color	i2cset -y 1 0x38 1 xx
clear	i2cset -y 1 0x38 2 1
cursor off	i2cset -y 1 0x38 2 12
cursor flashing block	i2cset -y 1 0x38 2 13
cursor underline	i2cset -y 1 0x38 2 14
cursor flashing block and underline	i2cset -y 1 0x38 2 15
clear	i2cset -y 1 0x38 2 1
character	i2cset -y 1 0x38 3 1
no more character	i2cset -y 1 0x38 3 13

Beaglebone black

pinout where the yellow legend on the pins show overlaps with virutal capes can be found here:

ADC for current monitoring

This is a low impedence sensor, so if using a voltage divider, the divider resisters need to add up to about 900 ohm.

• P9_32, VDD_ADC, provides 1.8 volts
• P9_33, AIN4 <--- ok to use
• P9_35, AIN6 <--- ok to use
• P9_36, AIN5 <--- ok to use
• P9_37, AIN2 <--- weird
• P9_38, AIN3 <--- weird
• P9_39, AIN0 <--- ok to use
• P9_40, AIN1 <--- ok to use

GPIO available for controlling LEDs and the tool

• P9_11, GPIO_30
• P9_12, GPIO_60
• P9_13, GPIO_31
• P9_14, GPIO_40
• P9_15, GPIO_48
• P9_16, GPIO_51
• P9_17, GPIO_4
• P9_18, GPIO_5

• P9_21, GPIO_3
• P9_22, GPIO_2
• P9_23, GPIO_49
• P9_24, GPIO_15
• P9_25, GPIO_117
• P9_26, GPIO_14
• P9_27, GPIO_125

• P9_30, GPIO_122
• P9_41, GPIO_20
• P9_42, GPIO_7

• P8_7, GPIO_66
• P8_8, GPIO_67
• P8_9, GPIO_69
• P8_10, GPIO_68
• P8_11, GPIO_45
• P8_12, GPIO_44
• P8_13, GPIO_23
• P8_14, GPIO_26
• P8_15, GPIO_47
• P8_16, GPIO_46
• P8_17, GPIO_27
• P8_18, GPIO_65
• P8_19, GPIO_22

There are more available if we disable either the HDMI or eMMC capes.

PWM

• http://learn.adafruit.com/setting-up-io-python-library-on-beaglebone-black/pwm
• http://beagleboard.org/support/BoneScript/analogWrite/ for pins

Designs

File:Interlock Flow Chart.pdf

Wish list

nxt i2c buffer

• http://www.nxp.com/documents/leaflet/75016081.pdf
• http://www.nxp.com/products/interface_and_connectivity/i2c/i2c_bus_repeaters_hubs_extenders/

Software

Git Repositories

Arduino Ethernet Code

Java BeagleBoneBlack Code

Python Beaglebone Black Code

Python Beaglebone Black Code

Required Python Library

consider using http://www.pingo.io/docs/ so that we are not device dependant

Ångström distribution

opkg install python-pip python-setuptools python-smbus
pip install Adafruit_BBIO
pip install pyserial
pip install evdev

mkdir notsmb_1_3
cd notsmb_1_3
wget http://www.byvac.com/downloads/sws/notsmb_1_3.zip
unzip notsmb_1_3.zip
sudo python setup.py install

static ip

http://derekmolloy.ie/set-ip-address-to-be-static-on-the-beaglebone-black/

Debian

apt-get install python-smbus
pip install evdev

disable HDMI

from http://www.logicsupply.com/blog/2013/07/18/disabling-the-beaglebone-black-hdmi-cape/

• df
• see /boot/uboot, cd to there.
• edit uEnv.txt
• find where it comments about HDMI

Configuration

in /etc/mother.ini

This is a JSON formatted file where the top level as a few things specific to the rfid interlock system followed by various connections.

Top Level

field	datatype	function
”tool_id”	string	the id used to validate the rfid card with makermanager
”description”	string	The description of the tool
”timeout”	int / float	how long to let the machine idle before automatically logging out
”warning”	int / float	how many seconds of warning before automatically logging out will we give the user
connection	dictionary	how the connection is used in the rfid interlock.

Top level

• which connection to define, various. Such as AIN[0-9], P8_23, unix device name for a serial connection, stdin, stdout. The dictionary found with

Logging

Note that "logging": {"root": { "level": "DEBUG" }} should be at least ERROR, otherwise errors in the config file will go unnoticed by the system. The way to think about the python logging system is that at the top level you accept the most detailed messages that you could possibly want on the lower levels, then on the lower levels you lock the verbosity down. Note that a custom logging handler is used internally, and it notices ERROR messages, especially from the class constructors to know whether or not we have a properly configured system. If not, it will try to notify by putting all outputs into “error” mode and not accept badge swipes.

Lookup:

https://docs.python.org/3/howto/logging-cookbook.html
https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.config.html#logging.config.dictConfig

Example

 "logging": {
    "version": 1,
    "formatters": {
        "detailed": {
            "class": "logging.Formatter",
            "format": "%(asctime)s %(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s"
        }
    },
    "handlers": {
        "console": {
            "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
            "level": "CRITICAL"
            "formatter": "detailed",
        },
        "var_log": {
            "class": "logging.FileHandler",
            "filename": "/var/log/mother.log",
            "mode": "a",
            "level": "INFO",
            "formatter": "detailed"
        }
    },
    "root": {
        "level": "DEBUG",
        "handlers": ["console", "var_log"]
    },
    "loggers": {
        "digital_output":               { "level": "ERROR", "handlers": [ "var_log" ] },
        "digital_monitor":              { "level": "ERROR", "handlers": [ "var_log" ] },
        "input_event_rfid_reader":      { "level": "ERROR", "handlers": [ "var_log" ] },
        "interlock":                    { "level": "ERROR", "handlers": [ "var_log" ] },
        "keyboard_rfid_reader":         { "level": "ERROR", "handlers": [ "var_log" ] },
        "rfid_reader":                  { "level": "ERROR", "handlers": [ "var_log" ] },
        "serial_rfid_reader":           { "level": "ERROR", "handlers": [ "var_log" ] },
        "stdio_output":                 { "level": "ERROR", "handlers": [ "var_log" ] },
    }
},

RFID Reader Connection

Dictionary	Value	Description
common required settings
"comment"	string	human readable description
"mode"	"rfid_reader"	how many characters to skip before we start paying attention to the code
"code_skip_chars"	integer	how many characters to skip before we start paying attention to the code
"code_len"	integer	how many characters to pay attention to
"code_base"	integer	10 if base ten, 16 if the code read is hexadecimal
Serial	the connection is a device in /dev/ that will respond nicely to .readline() function once read
"type"	"serial"
"baud"	integer	the baud rate
input event	a device in /dev/input/event[0-9]
"type"	"input_event"
keyboard input
"type"	"stdin"	input from keyboard

examples

"/dev/ttyUSB0": {
    "mode": "rfid_reader",
    "type": "serial",
    "baud": 2400,
    "code_skip_chars": 2,
    "code_len": 10,
    "code_base": 16
}

"/dev/input/event1": {
    "mode": "rfid_reader",
    "type": "input_event",
    "code_skip_chars": 0,
    "code_len": 10,
    "code_base": 10
}

Output Connection

Dictionary	Value	Description
common required settings
"comment"	string	human readable description
"mode"	"output"	what this connection does to reflect the state of the machine
"active"	see below in digital output options	consider this to be "green light" state
"inactive_soon"		consider this to be "yellow light" state
"inactive"		consider this to be "red light" state
"error"		something is wrong, seriously wrong
Digital	the connection is a pin that an LED or power control is connected to
"type"	"digitial"	controls a digital output pin to reflect the state of the machine
"On"	"HIGH"	when the signal is high, that signifies that the device attached it on
	"LOW"	when the signal is low, that signifies that the device attached it on. Inverted logic if you will.
stdio	prints to the console that starts the rfid_interlock.py
"type"	"stdio"	prints to the console that starts the rfid_interlock.py

Digital Output Options

Value	Description
”ON”	turn it on, dependent on the “on” field of the connection
”OFF”	turn it off, dependent on the “on” field of the connection
”BLINK”	turn it high, then low, then high. Defaults to half a second per high or low.
”SOS”	… - - - …
Modifier	You can associate a modifier to the ON, OFF and BLINK digital output option. When used on BLINK, this will override the blink speed. When used with ON or OFF, it will switch to the other state after the specified number of seconds.
”output”	if you turn a output option into a dictionary, you will need to add this “output” field to the dictionary and put the output option in for its value.
”seconds”	integer / float

examples

"P8_11": {
   "comment": "Active LED",
   "type": "digital",
   "mode": "output",
   "on": "HIGH",
   "error": "SOS",
   "active": {"output": "ON", "seconds": 1},
   "inactive_soon": "OFF",
   "inactive": "OFF"
}

"P8_11": {
   "comment": "Warning LED",
   "type": "digital",
   "mode": "output",
   "on": "HIGH",
   "error": "SOS",
   "active": "OFF",
   "inactive_soon": "ON",
   "inactive": "OFF"
}

Monitor Connection

Dictionary	Value	Description
common required settings
"comment"	string	human readable description
"mode"	"monitor"	values on this connection affect the state
"active"	condition	Switch the state to active and start the countdown to deactivate and countdown to warning timers.
"inactive_soon"		if we are not already in inactive_soon mode, then we switch the state to inactive_soon and set the deactivate timer to count down the seconds of warning
"inactive"		switch the state to inactive and clear the timers
"error"		we switch the state to error and clear the timers
"reset_timer"		we reset the countdown timer and set the state to active whenever this happens
digital settings
"type"	"digital"	we respond to voltage her going high or low
new state	"FALLING"	trigger when the signal goes low
	"RISING"	trigger when the signal goes high
analog to digital settings
"type"	"adc"	we respond to voltage her going high or low
new state	{ "higher": float }	triggers whenever the adc value is higher than the value
	{ "lower": float }	triggers whenever the adc value is lower than the value
	{ "higher": float, "lower": float }	if the higher value is higher than the lower value, then the higher and lower values then either can trigger a new state. If the higher value is lower than the lower value, then the higher and lower values must both evaluate to true to trigger the new state.

examples

"AIN1": {
    "mode": "monitor",
    "type": "adc",
    "countdown_reset": {
        "higher": 0.209222216129
    }
},

"P9_14": {
   "comment": "PIR Sensor",
   "mode": "monitor",
   "type": "digital",
   "reset_timer": "FALLING"
},

"P9_12": {
   "comment": "logout button",
   "mode": "monitor",
   "type": "digital",
   "inactive": "FALLING"
},

Example

{
    "tool_id": "1",
    "tool_desc": "Table Saw",
    "timeout": 60,

    "AIN1": {
        "description": "read in the amperage",
        "revision_log": [
            "modified by Lance on ..",
            "LALALAL"
        ],
        "mode": "monitor",

        "timer_reset": {
            "lower": 0.209222216129,
            "higher: 0.809222216129
        },

        "higher_power_value": 0.402222216129,
        "idle_power_value":   0.01666671038
    },
    "AIN2": {
        "description": "Temperature monitor",
        "mode": "monitor",

        "soft_stop": {
            "higher": 0.809222216129,
            "lower": 0.909222216129
        },
        "hard_stop": {
            "higher": 0.909222216129
        },
    },
    "AIN3": {
        "mode": "monitor",
        "timer_reset": {
            "higher": 0.209222216129
        },
        "higher_power_value": 0.402222216129,
        "idle_power_value":   0.01666671038
    },
    "P8_4": {
        "mode": "monitor",
        "hard_stop": "RISING",
    },
    "P8_6": {
        "mode": "monitor",
        "RISING": "soft_stop"
    },
    "P8_32": {
        "mode": "monitor",
        "time_reset": "RISING"
    },
    "/dev/ttyO1": {
        "mode": "monitor",
        "baud_rate": "9600",
        "timer_reset": "resetme"
    },
    "/dev/ttyO2": {
        "mode": "monitor",
        "baud_rate": "9600",
        "init": "send me data !",
        "timer_reset": "1"
    },
    "P9_23": {
        "description": "Active LED",
        "mode": "output",
        "active": "HIGH",
        "inactive_soon": "LOW",
        "inactive": "LOW"
    },
    "PWM1A": {
        "description": "Pulsing inactive soon LED",
        "mode": "output",
        "active": 0,
        "inactive_soon": "PULSE",
        "inactive": 0
    },
    "P9_25": {
        "description": "blinking inactive soon LED",
        "mode": "output",
        "active": "LOW",
        "inactive_soon": "BLINK",
        "inactive": "LOW"
    },
    "P9_27": {
        "description": "Inactive LED",
        "mode": "output",
        "active": "LOW",
        "inactive_soon": "LOW",
        "inactive": "HIGH"
    },
    "/dev/ttyUSB0": {
        "mode": "rfid_reader",
        "baud": 2400,
        "type": "serial"
    },
    "P9_28": {
        "description": "Power On",
        "mode": "output",
        "active": "HIGH"
    },
    "P9_30": {
        "description": "Enable Power On",
        "mode": "output",
        "active": {
            "output": "HIGH",
            "seconds": 120
        }
    },
    "P9_42": {
        "mode": "output",
        "inactive": {
            "power": "HIGH",
            "seconds": 1
        }
    },

    "stdin": {
        "mode": "rfid_reader",
        "type": "stdio"
    },
    "/dev/ttyO3": {
        "description": "serial control",
        "baud_rate": 9600,
        "mode": "output",
        "active":   "on\n",
        "inactive": "off\n"
    },
    "/dev/dsp": {
        "type": "oss",
        "mode": "output",
        "active": "/var/mother/interlock/active.wav",
        "inactive_soon": "/var/mother/interlock/active_soon.wav",
        "inactive": "/var/mother/interlock/inactive.wav"
    },
    "espeak": {
        "mode": "output",
        "active": "Power On",
        "inactive_soon": "Timing Out",
        "inactive": "Power Off",
    },
    "/dev/ttyO3": {
        "mode": "output",
        "baud_rate": 9600,
        "inactive": "off\n"
    }
}

beaglebone black python snippets

breadboard_led.py

#! /usr/bin/python

import Adafruit_BBIO.GPIO as GPIO
import time

GPIO.setup("P8_10", GPIO.OUT)
while True:
     GPIO.output("P8_10", GPIO.HIGH)
     time.sleep(0.5)
     GPIO.output("P8_10", GPIO.LOW)
     time.sleep(0.5)

read_rfid.py

#! /usr/bin/python
import serial
import time
import urllib2

ser = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyUSB0', 2400)

while True:
        response = ser.readline().trim()
        if response <> "":
                print "raw: " + str(response)
                print "hex: " + str(response[-8:])
                print "dec: " + str(int(response[-8:], 16))
                rfid = str(int(response[-8:], 16))

                filehandle = urllib2.urlopen("http://www.google.com/?" + rfid)
                print(filehandle.readline())

        time.sleep(1)

read_mac_address.py

#! /usr/bin/python

from uuid import getnode as get_mac
mac = get_mac()
print hex(mac)
print hex(mac)[2:14]

read_url.py

#! /usr/bin/python

import urllib2

filehandle = urllib2.urlopen("http://www.google.com")

print(filehandle.readline())

user_led_blink.py

#! /usr/bin/python

import sys
import time

leds = [
     '/sys/class/leds/beaglebone:green:usr0/brightness',
     '/sys/class/leds/beaglebone:green:usr1/brightness',
     '/sys/class/leds/beaglebone:green:usr2/brightness',
     '/sys/class/leds/beaglebone:green:usr3/brightness'
]

def ledon(n):
     value = open(leds[n],'w')
     value.write(str(1))
     value.close()

def ledoff(n):
     value = open(leds[n],'w')
     value.write(str(0))
     value.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
     while True:
          for i, val in enumerate(leds):
                 ledoff(i)
          time.sleep(1)

          for i, val in enumerate(leds):
                       ledon(i)
          time.sleep(1)

     print 'Exiting...'

Watchdog Timer

http://beaglebone.cameon.net/home/watchdog-timer

Network Connection

Use t-568b

May connect to the security vlan

Routing through Linux PC over USB

Linux PC:

iptables --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface wlan1 -j MASQUERADE
iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface eth3 -j ACCEPT
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Beaglebone:

route add default gw 192.168.7.1
echo "nameserver 4.2.2.1" > /etc/resolv.conf
/usr/bin/ntpdate -b -s -u pool.ntp.org

Routing through Windows 7 over USB

http://lanceme.blogspot.com/2013/06/windows-7-internet-sharing-for.html